The analysis of religious and historical texts, such as the sermons of Hazrat Zaynab (peace be upon her) in Kufa, is a key research topic that lies at the common border of linguistics, literature, and religious studies. This study, using a vocabulary approach, explores the function of words and their meanings in reflecting the social and ideological messages of the sermon. The research aims to show how the choice of words and linguistic structures convey cultural and political messages and help the audience understand the historical and social situation of the text. Therefore, using a descriptive and analytical method, it seeks to answer these two questions: How do the lexical layers of the sermon shape the ideological and semantic messages of the text? And what effect did these words have on the understanding and acceptance of the message by the audience in Kufa?
The findings show that Hazrat Zaynab conveyed moral, religious, and social messages to her audience in an effective way by utilizing a clever combination of sensory (objective) and abstract (mental) vocabulary. This interaction between sensory and mental vocabulary facilitates the process of conveying complex moral and ideological concepts and shows that language is not only a means of conveying meaning, but also a means of shaping attitudes and social influence. Also, by identifying lexical and semantic patterns, the effect of the sermon on the audience and the relationship between language and social power are clarified, and the analysis of lexical layers provides a powerful tool for understanding the relationship between language style, meaning, and ideology in historical religious texts.